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Sophia of the Palatinate

Electress of Hanover (1630-1714) and the link between the Stuart dynasty and the House of Hanover.

Life and Work

Sophia was the granddaughter of James I of England through Elizabeth Stuart, the “Winter Queen” of Bohemia. She married Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, who became the first Elector of Hanover.

The Act of Settlement (1701) made her heir to the English throne after Queen Anne, bypassing dozens of Catholics with stronger hereditary claims. Parliament chose her specifically because she was Protestant. She died on June 8, 1714 — just weeks before Anne — so her son became George I instead.

Sophia was intellectually sharp and genuinely interested in philosophy. Leibniz served as her advisor and intellectual companion at the Hanoverian court for decades. Their correspondence covered philosophy, theology, and politics.

In the Novel

Sophia appears as a major figure, connected to both the succession question and to Leibniz’s world. The novel opens with Daniel receiving a summons connected to the Hanoverian court.